Nanoparticles assembled at the semiconducting polymer/electrode interface affect charge injection into polymer light-emitting diodes (LEDs), as reported here. It is demonstrated that modification of the ITO anode using self-assembled monolayers and electrostatically assembled SiO2 nanoparticles can dramatically improve the electroluminescence properties of LEDs—the charged nanoparticle surface induces a dipole moment across the electrode interface, effectively increasing the local electric field and promoting carrier injection.
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Bliznyuk et al. (1999) studied this question.