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The toroidal spread of laser blow-off injected lithium is studied. The temporal variation of the toroidal and radial distributions of the first two ionization stages of cross-field-injected lithium is measured around the injection location by a gated, image-intensified CCD camera. Broad atomic distribution and deep radial penetration of the injected beam is observed. The toroidal delay of the arrival of the Li + ions is investigated by detecting the intensity of their line radiation at different toroidal positions away from the injection port. Possible explanations for the observations and the possible mechanism for the toroidal spread are discussed in detail. A comparison of the detected distribution of Li ions with a 1D simulation is presented.
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Kocsis et al. (1997) studied this question.
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