Tetraphenylethene and doxorubicin are assembled into a self-indicating drug delivery system (TD NPs). TD NPs are decomposed into DOX and TPE NPs in lysosome. Since TD NPs, TPE NPs and DOX are all fluorescent, the detachment of DOX from TPE NPs is accompanied by fluorescence changing. By observing the fluorescence changes, the spatiotemporal drug release is visualized.
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Xue et al. (2013) studied this question.
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