End-stage renal disease, calcification patterns and clinical outcomes after TAVI

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Arterial segmentation and vascular calcification severity in contrast-enhanced MDCT images. A Ascending aorta, B descending aorta, C infrarenal aorta/iliac, D femoral arteries. VCSS: 0: no calcification 1: mild calcification 2: moderate calcification, 3: severe calcification. MDCT: multi-detector computed tomography, VCSS: vascular calcification severity score. Image Source: https://smart.servier.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Systeme_arteriel_2.png

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  Fig. 2. Baseline measurements of AVC and LVOT calcification in contrast-enhanced MDCT images. A LVOT and AVC calcification quantification. The aortic annulus is represented by the virtual basal plane indicating the basal attachment of the three cusps (white line). The AVC was defined from basal plane to coronary ostia (white to yellow line); the LVOT was defined 10 mm inferior to the basal plane (white to red line). B Baseline MDCT-based measurements of AVC Calcification in mm3 according to renal function. C Baseline MDCT-based measurements of LVOT Calcification in mm3 according to renal function. AVC aortic valve calcification, CKD chronic kidney disease, CTRL control, ESRD end-stage renal disease, LC left coronary, LVOT left ventricular outflow tract, MDCT multi-detector computed tomography, NC non-coronary, RC right coronary

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  Fig. 3. Prevalence and severity of vascular calcification according to renal function. A All segments, B Ascending aorta, C Descending aorta, D Infrarenal aorta/iliac arteries, E Femoral arteries. CKD chronic kidney disease, CTRL control, ESRD end-stage renal disease, VCSS vascular calcification severity score

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  Fig. 4. Kaplan–Meier survival up to 3 years after TAVI. A All-cause mortality according to renal function. B All-cause mortality according vascular calcification severity. CKD chronic kidney disease, CTRL control, ESRD end-stage renal disease, TAVI transcatheter aortic valve implantation. None/mild calcification = VCSS ≤ 6. Moderate/severe calcification = VCSS ≥ 7