association between obesity and the functions of the autonomic nervous system in young adults

Obesity is one of the most prevalent public health issues. Excess weight has been associated with autonomic dysfunction, but the evidence in young adults is scarce. Therefore, this study aims to assess the relationship between the body mass index (BMI) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) function in young adults. Males are known to have higher sympathetic nervous system activity as compared to females, who are known to have a greater parasympathetic function. Hence, it is critical to assess the differences in ANS activity based on gender. This study was done on 120 university students aged 18 - 25 years, categorized based on BMI as normal (18kg/m2-24kg/m2) and obese (>25kg/m2). The ANS function was assessed by performing the Isometric Handgrip Test (IHGT), Deep Breathing Test (DBT), and Cold Pressor Test (CPT). Our study revealed that obese individuals exhibited an increase in the blood pressure and heart rate as compared to normal individuals, indicating that the former might be at greater risk for the development of ANS dysfunction. Our study also revealed that obese males exhibited a greater change in their blood pressure as compared to their obese counterparts.