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Particle mixing is studied in a field-theoretic context, as a further approximation to the pole approximation. Although particle mixing is well suited for treating spinless particles, another approximation, also a further approximation to the pole approximation, called vector mixing, is better for treating particles of spin one. Vector mixing is applied to several processes involving the mixing of the ω and the φ by the interaction that breaks unitary symmetry.
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Coleman et al. (1964) studied this question.
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