Review reveals roles of apolipoprotein M/sphingosine-1-phosphate in lipid metabolism, inflammation, and kidney biology, highlighting biomarker and therapeutic potential.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In 2011, the crystal structure of apolipoprotein M (apoM) and its capacity to bind sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was characterized. Since then, a variety of studies has increased our knowledge on apoM biology and functionality. From being an unknown and hardly significant player in overall metabolism, apoM has gained significant interest. RECENT FINDINGS: Key discoveries in the last 2 years have indicated that the apoM/S1P complex has important roles in lipid metabolism (affecting triglyceride turnover), inflammation (a marker of severe sepsis and potentially providing anti-inflammatory signaling) and kidney biology (potential to protect against immunoglobulin A nephropathy). SUMMARY: Several studies suggest a potential for apoM/S1P as biomarkers for inflammation, sepsis and nephropathy. Also, a novel chaperone is characterized and could have potential as a drug for treatment in inflammation and nephropathy.
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Bisgaard et al. (2019) studied this question.
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