High and Low Surface Brightness Galaxies in the Local Universe. V. Optical and H [CSC]i[/CSC] Properties

Using optical spectra of the nuclei of 250 galaxies chosen from the Automated Plate Measuring Facility (APM) survey of UK Schmidt plates, we derive synthetic B - V and V - R colors, estimates of reddening from Balmer decrements, metallicity via oxygen abundance, and star formation rate from the Hα luminosity. We also present mass-to-light ratios and gas mass fractions from 21 cm H I measurements of 238 APM survey galaxies, 101 of which also have optical spectra. This sample of galaxies spans a large range in surface brightness, from high surface brightness irregular galaxies down to the kind of low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies that are missing from most magnitude-limited catalogs. The generally blue global colors are best explained by a combination of low metallicity and active star formation, primarily because of the tremendous scatter in metallicity versus B - V . Optical spectra show the presence of G and K main-sequence stars in the nuclei of these galaxies, and the stellar mass-to-light ratios and gas mass fractions show the galaxies as a whole to be gas-rich. LSB galaxies are most likely to experience sporadic low levels of star formation over gigayear timescales.