Exploring kidney disease diagnosis: Unveiling the novel prospects of exosomes as microscopic messengers

Microscopic yet powerful, exosomes are leading a revolutionary breakthrough in the field of kidney disease. These membrane‐enclosed vesicles, with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm, carry cargo such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, serving as a bridge of information between cells in both health and disease states. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the critical role of exosomes in deciphering kidney diseases, providing novel perspectives on disease mechanisms, diagnosis, monitoring, prognosis, and treatment. The wide range of sources for exosomes, their biocompatibility, remarkable stability, as well as convenient storage and transport capabilities, make them a rising star in the field of kidney disease diagnostics. The immense diagnostic potential harbored within these tiny structures is rapidly emerging, particularly in the development of liquid biopsy‐based techniques. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the biological functions of exosomes in kidney disease, highlighting their potential as primary diagnostic markers. Furthermore, it explores the potential applications of exosomes in therapeutic delivery, paving the way for innovative treatment strategies. Finally, we glimpse into the future research prospects in this field, believing that with the continuous advancement of exosome‐related technologies, kidney disease diagnostics will become more precise and efficient, bringing hope to patients. Exosomes are propelling kidney disease diagnostics into a new era.