Performance Comparison of Differential Evolution, Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm in the Design of Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas

Performance evaluation of evolutionary optimization techniques is done with respect to the design of circularly polarized microstrip antennas. The optimization techniques include conventional differential evolution, particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm along with their advanced schemes. The optimization is done for impedance matching over a predefined frequency range, circular polarization, and high gain at a center frequency. The control parameters of all the algorithms are tuned using meta-level particle swarm optimization algorithm. Three cases are considered with three conventional feeding techniques, namely probe feed, transmission line feed, and the cross-aperture coupled feed. A fuzzified cost function is developed for optimization to ensure proper outcome from each optimization algorithm. The antenna parameters obtained from the algorithm producing best results are fabricated and their performances measured.