Efficacy of Postprandial Exercise in Mitigating Glycemic Responses in Overweight Individuals and Individuals with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Figures

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  Figure 1. PRISMA Flow diagram illustrating the selection process for articles included in this systematic review and meta-analysis.

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  Figure 2. Forest plot showing comparisons of glucose AUC between PPE and CON. The X-axis denotes the effect size derived from the random-effect meta-analysis. The data in the center-right column specify the conditions under which PPE and CON were compared, while the far-right column provides the effect size and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each comparison. The diamond at the bottom represents the pooled effect size (Hedge’s g = −0.317; SE = 0.057; 95% CI = −0.432, −0.201; p < 0.001) based on all the studies combined.

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  Figure 3. Forest plot showing comparisons of 24 h mean glucose concentrations between PPE and CON. The X-axis denotes effect size derived from the random-effect meta-analysis. The data in the center-right column specify the conditions under which PPE and CON were compared, while the far-right column provides the effect size and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each comparison. The diamond at the bottom represents the pooled effect size (Hedge’s g = −0.328; SE = 0.062; 95% CI = −0.453, −0.203; p < 0.001) based on all the studies combined.

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  Figure 4. Forest plot showing comparisons of glycemic responses (as measured by both the glucose AUC and the 24 h mean glucose level between HIIE and CMIE). The X-axis denotes effect size derived from the random-effect meta-analysis. The data in the center-right column specify the conditions under which PPE and CON were compared, while the far-right column provides the effect size and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each comparison. The diamond at the bottom represents the pooled effect size (Hedge’s g = 0.152; SE = 0.104; 95% CI = −0.075, 0.397; p = 0.170) based on all the studies combined.

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  Figure 5. Forest plot showing comparisons of glycemic responses (as measured by both the glucose AUC and the 24 h mean glucose level between pre-meal and post-meal exercise conditions). The X-axis denotes effect size derived from the random-effect meta-analysis. The data in the center-right column specify the conditions under which PPE and CON were compared, while the far-right column provides the effect size and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each comparison. The diamond at the bottom represents the pooled effect size (Hedges’ g = −0.271; SE = 0.072; 95% CI = −0.357, −0.085; p < 0.05) based on all the studies combined.