A theory of ballistic conduction through a constriction is developed which predicts a steplike structure with amplitude e²h in the conductance as a function of Fermi energy or width. For a sharp (abrupt) constriction the steps are only quantized to 1 part in 10³ at $T=0$. Disorder destroys the steps and they are modulated by novel resonant structure in certain regimes of shape and temperature.
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Szafer et al. (1989) studied this question.
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