High pathogenicity of emerging porcine G9P[23] and G11P[7] rotavirus for newborn piglets in China

Figures

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  Figure 1. Biological characterization of AHBZ2303 and AHBZ2304 strains in MA104 cells. CPEs and immunostaining analysis of VP6 protein expression in MA104 cells infected with AHBZ2303 (A) and AHBZ2304 (B). Viral growth kinetics of AHBZ2303 and AHBZ2304 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) = 0.1 in MA104 cells. Cells and supernatants were harvested at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 HPI and titrated with 50% tissue culture infectious dose assays (C). Data was presented as mean ± SD by triplicates. The overall plan for the animal experiment (D).

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  Figure 2. Clinical symptoms and viral load of piglets infected with AHBZ2303 and AHBZ2304. (A) Diarrhea index and clinical score were recorded every 12 h. (B) Survival rate curve of experimental piglets. (C) Quantification of fecal viral shedding. The fecal swabs were acquired every 12 h and the viral load was assessed by qPCR. (D,E) Qualification of viral abundance (RNA copy number per mg) in lungs, MLNs, duodenum, jejunum and ileum using qPCR after necropsy. “#4 (24 h)” means the numbered 4 piglet died in 24 HPI. (F) The analysis of inflammatory cytokines. Qualification of inflammatory cytokines in jejunum using qPCR compared to control piglets at 24 HPI. The 2−ΔΔCT method was used to calculate the relative mRNA level of target genes.

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  Figure 3. The representative images of macroscopic lesions (A), histopathological lesions (B) and immunohistochemical staining (C) of intestinal and lung sections infected with AHBZ2303 or AHBZ2304.

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  Figure 4. The analysis of microbiota changes. The differences in the abundance of bacterial at the phylum (A) and genus (B) levels were analyzed. The Venn diagram showed the shared and unique bacterial genera in the control and virus infected jejunum and ileum (C).