Recent advances within the realization of silica-based planar waveguide circuitry are presented. This ranges from the production methods for planar waveguides, including a novel method based on the utilization of focused UV-laser beams for direct waveguide imprinting, to the functionalities that are embedded into the glass materials and wave- guide circuitry. Planar waveguide amplifiers, lasers, and the pursuit to obtain highly nonlinear materials to realize purely glass-based switches, modulators, and wavelength converters are also presented. Further- more, microring resonators are discussed, and finally the latest results
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M. R. Poulsen (2003) studied this question.
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