Smart electromechanical systems consist mainly of sensors, actuators, and data processing units. Actuators are the responding units of many smart systems including those for active vibration control and noise control. Increased demand for actuators with high-displacement, high generative force, and quick-response time has led to a search for new actuator materials and new designs. The performance of traditional piezoelectric transducers with newly designed flextensional transducers is compared.
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Dogan et al. (2001) studied this question.
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