Reviews the methods for network parameter estimation and correction in power system state estimation and proposes a sequential-type method for real-time processing of transformer tap positions. The method exploits the information contained in the measurement residuals to estimate a better tap position; it uses a linearized sensitivity model to relate the measurement residuals to the tap position error. Based on part of the Belgium HV system, several testing results are reported.
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Quintana et al. (1987) studied this question.