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Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) phenomena have been observed in vitro as well as in vivo and came in focus of interdisciplinary research activities particularly aiming at understanding the physico-chemical pathways of LLPS and its functionality in recent years. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) has been proven to be a most efficient method to analyze macromolecular clustering in solutions and suspensions with diverse applications in life sciences, material science and biotechnology. For spatially and time-resolved investigations of LLPS, i.e. formation of liquid dense protein clusters (LDCs) and aggregation, a novel eight-channel in situ DLS instrument was designed, constructed and applied. The real time formation of LDCs of glucose isomerase (GI) and bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) under different physico-chemical conditions was investigated in situ . Complex shifts in the particle size distributions indicated growth of LDCs up to the μm size regime. Additionally, near-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy was performed to monitor the folding state of the proteins in the process of LDC formation.
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Falke et al. (2019) studied this question.
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