It is shown that in the small-wavelength limit the cross section per unit area for backscattering of electromagnetic waves from a rough reflecting surface is given by dσB/dΩ=½𝒫(ψ), where 𝒫(ψ)=the probability that the normal to the surface makes an angle ψ with respect to a reference surface. This formula was previously stated without proof in a paper by Salpeter and Treiman. For the special case of a Gaussian distribution, this result corrects a formula previously derived by Davies, and agrees with the results of Ruffine.
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Kivelson et al. (1965) studied this question.
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