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The progress of vanadate and vanadate-based composites has become very popular in the photocatalytic treatment of sewage. Many researches have been done on ortho-vanadates based on MVO 4 (M = Bi and Fe) and AgVO 3 , Ag 3 VO 4 as well as vanadate based on MV 2 O 6 , M 3 V 2 O 8 , M 2 V 2 O 7 of which (M = Zn, Cu, Ni, Co) have been applied as photo-catalysts for the remediation of wastewater. This category of compounds presents several fascinating characteristics associated with great stability, expansion pensive, and easy bio-functionalization. Multiple works have mentioned methods and strategies to conceive highly efficient vanadate photo-catalysts having different morphologies, facets, shapes, and oxygen vacancies . Here we have reviewed the synthesis methods of vanadium-based photo-catalysts, and the photosensitization mechanism in which the organic dye acts as both photosensitizer and sample to be decomposed. In addition, we have highlighted the overall sequential photocatalytic pathways and recent advances in the decomposition of different pollutants such as dyes and antibiotics. The three-step photocatalytic process of vanadate photo-catalysts has been described. Finally, the existing status, the challenges to enhance photo-activity, and potential future scenarios are briefly summarized.
Ouardi et al. (Tue,) studied this question.