In the past few years, a number of systems for making indirect canopy structural estimates have become commercially available. These include linear sensors, such as the DEMON, line quantum sensors, and hemispherical sensors, such as the LAI-2000, the Leaf Laser, and the Cl-100. The performance of these instruments as reported in the literature is reviewed for forests, row crops, and individual trees.
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Welles et al. (1996) studied this question.