Exploring disparities in open source contribution experiences through the diversity lens of race

Open source (OS) development relies on sustained, distributed collaboration. However, its contributor base remains demographically skewed, which may threaten the sustainability of projects: contributors from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups often face differential recognition, experience greater barriers, and may be less likely to remain engaged over time. While prior research has studied general diversity challenges in OS, the specific role of race in shaping contributor experiences remains insufficiently understood. We address this by surveying a diverse sample of 228 OS contributors. Findings reveal that despite reporting similar participation levels and motivations, contributors identified as People of the Global Majority (PoGM) report more negative experiences than White contributors. These disparities include a lower likelihood of receiving remuneration for OS work, fear when engaging with new projects or maintainers, and higher levels of self-doubt. These disparities may influence OS retention and long-term maintainability. By documenting these inequities in contributors’ lived experiences, this study highlights the need for inclusive governance and policies to ensure the long-term maintainability of the OS ecosystem. Editor’s note: Open Science material was validated by the Journal of Systems and Software Open Science Board .