Catalytic activity remarkably higher than that of mononuclear palladium catalysts is exhibited by the cuboidal sulfide cluster 1 (tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane) in the lactonization of alkynoic acids (2 → 3). The reaction can even be conducted in water owing to the good solubility and stability of the cluster in this medium.
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Wakabayashi et al. (1996) studied this question.
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