Effects of Multiple Near‐Infrared LEDs (700, 850, and 980 nm) CW ‐ PBM on Mitochondrial Respiration and Gene Expression in MG63 Osteoblasts

BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study evaluated mitochondrial and osteogenic activity in MG-63 pre-osteoblastic cells after photobiomodulation (PBM) using multiple near-infrared LED sources (Nuralyte) emitting wavelengths from 700 to 1100 nm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: (60 s, high dose). Mitochondrial function was assessed using the XF Seahorse analyzer, and gene expression of osteogenic markers was analyzed. RESULTS: Maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) significantly decreased at the optimal dose but increased at the high dose (p < 0.001) in 5-day irradiated cultures. Upregulation of osteogenic markers (OCN, OPN, BMP-2, COL-1, RUNX2) occurred after 3-5 consecutive days of irradiation, with greater activation at the optimal dose. CONCLUSION: MG-63 cells respond to PBM using MNI-LEDs (700, 850, 980 nm) by modulating mitochondrial respiration and boosting bone-related gene expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner.