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We generalize the mechanical interpretation of the forces between quark and gluon subsystems, previously studied for the nucleon, to arbitrary higher-spin particles. For spin-0 and spin- 1 / 2 particles, this force is characterized by the nonconserved c ¯ ( t ) form factor. However, such an interpretation has not yet been established for higher-spin particles due to the intricate structure of the nonconserved energy-momentum tensor (EMT) form factors. By performing a multipole expansion, we identify the physically meaningful combinations of the nonconserved covariant EMT form factors and provide them with a clear mechanical interpretation.
Kim et al. (Tue,) studied this question.