Morning pulmonary artery pressure measurements by CardioMEMS are most stable and recommended for pressure trends monitoring

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Pulmonary artery pressure increases in heart failure patients in the evening. a Morning (8 am) and evening (11 pm for all patients; except for patient 6, 8 pm) mPAP (mm Hg) within-day distribution of 10 individual HF patients. Mean values of morning and evening measurements each are indicated with red line. b, c, d Within-day distribution of normalised PA pressures (mm Hg) in each HF patient (N = 6/patients; except for patients 3 and 6, N = 5). Per patient, each measurement was normalised against the value of the first time point of either (b) mPAP, (c) sPAP or (d) dPAP. Red line represents averaged normalised values of all patients per time point (N = 10; except for time points 11 am and 11 pm, N = 9). Gradient bar depicts time of day (white = day, black = night). dPAP diastolic pulmonary artery pressure, HF heart failure, mPAP mean pulmonary artery pressure, PAP pulmonary artery pressure, sPAP systolic pulmonary artery pressure

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  Fig. 2. Pulmonary artery pressure in heart failure patients varies less when measured in the mornings than in the evenings. Values are calculated based on measurements of 5 consecutive days, either in the morning (8 am; N = 5 for each patient) or in the evening (11 pm; N = 5/patient; except for patient 6, N = 2), or within a 24‑h period (N = 6/patient; except for patients 3 and 6, N = 5). Each bar represents a single HF patient. CV (%) is calculated as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean. CV coefficient of variation, HF heart failure, mPAP mean pulmonary artery pressure

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  Fig. 3. Morning pulmonary artery pressure measurements provided by the CardioMEMS sensor, as opposed to evening measurements, yield more stable and reliable values. HF heart failure, PA pulmonary artery