Why the study?
The high mutation rate and recombination potential of noroviruses challenge study of their genetic diversity, while studying infection mechanisms has been hampered by failure to develop infectious virus in cell models.
Reverse genetics systems offer a promising alternative for studying human norovirus infection mechanisms, overcoming the traditional lack of cell culture models.
Advances in HuNoV genome sequencing support evolutionary tracing; leaves open clinical validation before diagnostic adoption.
Human noroviruses (HuNoV) are major causes of acute gastroenteritis around the world. The high mutation rate and recombination potential of noroviruses are significant challenges in studying the genetic diversity and evolution pattern of novel strains. In this review, we describe recent advances in the development of technologies for not only the detection but also the analysis of complete genome sequences of noroviruses and the future prospects of detection methods for tracing the evolution and genetic diversity of human noroviruses. The mechanisms of HuNoV infection and the development of antiviral drugs have been hampered by failure to develop the infectious virus in a cell model. However, recent studies have demonstrated the potential of reverse genetics for the recovery and generation of infectious viral particles, suggesting the utility of this genetics-based system as an alternative for studying the mechanisms of viral infection, such as cell entry and replication.
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Lin et al. (2023) studied this question.
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