Key result
Extracellular vesicles drive cardiovascular calcification via hydroxyapatite nucleation independent of osteogenic differentiation.
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Extracellular vesicles are membrane micro/nanovesicles secreted by many cell types into the circulation and the extracellular milieu in physiological and pathological conditions. Evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles, known as matrix vesicles, play a role in the mineralization of skeletal tissue, but emerging ultrastructural and in vitro studies have demonstrated their contribution to cardiovascular calcification as well. Cells involved in the progression of cardiovascular calcification release active vesicles capable of nucleating hydroxyapatite on their membranes. This review discusses the role of extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular calcification and elaborates on this additional mechanism of calcification as an alternative pathway to the currently accepted mechanism of biomineralization via osteogenic differentiation.
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New et al. (2013) conducted a review in Cardiovascular calcification. Extracellular vesicles was evaluated. Extracellular vesicles contribute to cardiovascular calcification by nucleating hydroxyapatite on their membranes, representing an alternative pathway to osteogenic differentiation.
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