Does Aspirin Attenuate the Beneficial Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition in Heart Failure?

Ischemic heart disease is the most common underlying cause of congestive heart failure, and thus aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA]) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are commonly used together for treatment in this setting. The issue of possible attenuation of the effect of ACE inhibitors by ASA has been an area of intense debate. Currently, it is perceived that a significant part of the beneficial effect of ACE inhibitors is related to augmentation of bradykinin levels, which among other effects stimulate the release of prostacyclin. Aspirin, on the other hand, inhibits the production of prostacyclin by blocking cyclooxygenase. Prostaglandins play an important endogenous vasodilatory role and counteract the enhanced peripheral vasoconstriction state in congestive heart failure. Thus, the counteracting effect of ASA on the augmentation of prostacyclin synthesis by ACE inhibitors could result in a potential reduction of the beneficial effects of the ACE inhibitor's and could be of great importance. This article reviews reports from large clinical trials pertaining to this issue and relates their findings to the currently available theoretical bases for support of the counteracting effect of ASA on augmentation of prostacyclin synthesis by ACE inhibitors. The clinical implications of such an interaction are discussed.