High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis were employed to reveal the development of nanoporous, amorphous anodic oxide films on niobium. The oxide was formed at in a dehydrated phosphate/glycerol electrolyte at . The relatively nonuniform pore network comprised pores about wide, which connect the film surface to an thick barrier layer at the film base. The film is presumed to grow at the metal/oxide interface by inward migration of ions through the barrier layer, while field-assisted dissolution proceeds at the pore bases.
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Lu et al. (2005) studied this question.
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