Stable soliton pairs in optical transmission lines and fiber lasers

Optical-fiber transmission of pulses can be modeled with the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation. We find novel stable soliton pairs and trains, which are relevant in this case, and analyze them. We suggest that the distance between the pulses and the phase difference between them is defined by energy and momentum balance equations, rather than by equations of standard perturbation theory. We present a two-dimensional phase plane (interaction plane) for analyzing the stability properties and general dynamics of two-soliton solutions of the Complex Ginzburg–Landau equation.