The current state of research in the femtosecond dynamics of low-energy excited electronic states in metals is reviewed. Some of the major approaches to the experimental study of the decay of excited states are discussed, including time-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and spintronic techniques. Semiempirical and first-principle theoretical approaches to electron dynamics are presented. Results of studies on the dynamics of electron excitations in some simple, noble, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic metals are analyzed.
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Zhukov et al. (2009) studied this question.
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