Complications of Blood Transfusion

Review1 July 1964Complications of Blood TransfusionLAWRENCE E. YOUNG, M.D., F.A.C.P.LAWRENCE E. YOUNG, M.D., F.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-1-136 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTransfusion of blood from one person to another subjects the recipient to numerous risks, most of which can be reduced by taking adequate precautions. Some of the hazards cannot be eliminated by any means now available. The complications of blood transfusion have been studied intensively during the past quarter century with the result that pathogenetic mechanisms have become increasingly clear, and preventive measures have been given wide recognition (1, 2). Some of the hazards that seem most worthy of emphasis at this time in the practice of internal medicine will be reviewed in this paper.HEMOLYTIC REACTIONSHemolytic reactions, especially...References1. MOLLISON PL: Blood Transfusion in Clinical Medicine, Third Edition, Second Printing, F. A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, 1963. Google Scholar2. WIENER AS: Rh-Hr Blood Types. Applications in Clinical and Legal Medicine and Anthropology. Selected Articles in Immunohematology, Grune and Stratton, New York, 1954. Google Scholar3. YOUNG LE: Blood groups and transfusion reactions. Amer. J. Med. 16: 885, 1954. Google Scholar4. JANDLRICHARDSON-JONESCASTLE JHAWB: The destruction of red cells altered by immune mechanism. J. Clin. Invest. 36: 1428, 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. MOLLISONHUGHES-JONES PLNC: Sites of removal of incompatible red cells from the circulation. Vox Sang. (New Series) 3: 243, 1958. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. SWISHER SN: Studies of the mechanisms of erythrocyte destruction initiated by antibodies. Trans. Ass. Amer. Physicians 67: 124, 1954. MedlineGoogle Scholar7. SWISHERYOUNG SNLE: The blood grouping systems of dogs. Physiol. Rev. 41: 495, 1961. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. AUBERTBOORMANDODDLOUTIT EFKEBEJF: The universal donor with high titre iso-agglutinins; the effect of anti-A iso-agglutinins on recipients of group A. Brit. Med. J. 1: 659, 1942. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar9. WIENERMOLONEY ASWC: Hemolytic transfusion reactions. IV. Differential diagnosis. "Dangerous universal donor" or intragroup incompatibility. Amer. J. Clin. Path. 13: 74, 1943. CrossrefGoogle Scholar10. TISDALLGARLANDSZANTOHANDBONNETT LHDMPBAMJ: The effects of the transfusion of group 0 blood of high iso-agglutinin titer into recipients of other blood groups. Amer. J. Clin. Path. 16: 193, 1946. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar11. EBERTEMERSON RVCP: A clinical study of transfusion reactions. The hemolytic effect of group 0 blood and pooled plasma containing incompatible iso-agglutinins. J. Clin. Invest. 25: 627, 1946. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar12. ERVINCHRISTIANYOUNG DMRMLE: Dangerous universal donors. II. Further observations on in vivo and in vitro behavior of iso-antibodies of immune type present in group 0 blood. Blood 5: 553, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar13. GROVE-RASMUSSENSHAWMARCEAU MRSE: Hemolytic transfusion reaction in group A patient receiving group 0 blood containing immune anti-A antibodies in high titer. Amer. J. Clin. Path. 23: 828, 1953. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar14. STEVENSFINCH ARCA: A dangerous universal donor. Acute renal failure following transfusion of group 0 blood. Amer. J. Clin. Path. 24: 612, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar15. CROSBYAKEROYD WHJH: Some immunohematologic results of large transfusions of group O blood in recipients of other blood groups: a study of battle casualties in Korea. Blood 9: 103: 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar16. CHAPLIN H: Hemolytic transfusion reaction associated with the transfusion of "dangerous universal donor" blood. Ann. Intern. Med. 43: 1334, 1955. LinkGoogle Scholar17. CROSBYHOWARD WHJM: The hematologic response to wounding and to resuscitation accomplished by large transfusions of stored blood: a study of battle casualties in Korea. Blood 9: 439, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar18. CRAWFORDCUTBUSHFALCONERMOLLISON HMHPL: Formation of immune A iso-antibodies with special reference to heterogenic stimuli. Lancet 2: 219, 1952. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar19. GARDNERTOVEY JMGH: Potentially dangerous group O blood: a screening test. Lancet 1: 1001, 1954. CrossrefGoogle Scholar20. YOUNG LE: Studies of the subgroups of blood groups A and AB. I. The active and passive acquisition of alpha1 (α1) agglutinins by A2 patients as a result of blood transfusion. J. Immun. 51: 101, 1945. Google Scholar21. ERVINYOUNG DMLE: Dangerous universal donors: I. Observations on destruction of recipient's A cells after transfusion of group O blood containing high titer of A antibodies of immune type not easily neutralizable by soluble A substance. Blood 5: 61, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar22. WINTROBE MM: Clinical Hematology, Fifth Edition, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1961, p. 361. Google Scholar23. YOUNGPLATZERYUILLEWOODRUFF LERFCLRL: Recovery of group O recipient after transfusion of two liters of group A blood. Amer. J. Clin. Path. 17: 777, 1947. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar24. YUILEVAN ZANDTERVINYOUNG CLTFDMLE: Hemolytic reactions produced in dogs by transfusion of incompatible dog blood and plasma. II. Renal aspects following whole blood transfusions. Blood 4: 1232, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar25. MUELLERMASON CBAD: The pathogenesis of acute renal failure following incompatible blood transfusions. Amer. J. Clin. Path. 26: 705, 1956. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar26. DIAMOND LK: The clinical importance of the Rh blood type. New Eng. J. Med. 232: 445 and 475, 1945. CrossrefGoogle Scholar27. SCHNEIDER CL: Mechanisms of production of acute fibrinogen deficiencies in Progress in Hematology, Vol. I, edited by TOCANTINS, L. M., Grune and Stratton, New York, 1956, p. 202. Google Scholar28. KREVANSJACKSONCONLEYHARTMANN JRDPCLRC: The nature of the hemorrhagic disorder accompanying hemolytic transfusion reactions in man. Blood 12: 834, 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar29. MOORE JM: Uncontrollable post-operative haemorrhage after incompatible blood transfusion. Brit. Med. J. 2: 1201, 1958. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar30. MOLLISONSTEWART PLJW: Rapid destruction of apparently compatible red cells. Brit. Med. J. 1: 1274, 1959. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar31. , Division of Medical Sciences, National Academy of Science-National Research Council: General Principles of Blood Transfusion, J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1963. Google Scholar32. , American Association of Blood Banks: Standards for a Blood Transfusion Service. Fourth Edition, Twentieth Century Press, Inc., Chicago, 1963. Google Scholar33. YOUNGKARIHER LEDM: Hemolytic transfusion reactions due to Rh incompatibility. Manifestations of sensitivity to the Rh factor many years after immunization by pregnancy. JAMA 127: 627, 1945. CrossrefGoogle Scholar34. LEVINEWALLER PRK: Erythroblastosis fetalis in the first-born; prevention of its most severe forms. Blood 1: 143, 1946. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar35. MOLLISONCUTBUSH PLM: Hemolytic disease of the newborn, in Recent Advances in Pediatrics, edited by GAIRDNER, D., Blakiston Company, New York, 1954, p. 110. Google Scholar36. BRITTINGHAMCHAPLIN TEH: Febrile transfusion reactions caused by sensitivity to donor leukocytes and platelets. JAMA 165: 819, 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar37. DAUSSETFONSECABRECY JAH: Elimination de certains chocs transfusionnels par l'utilisation de sang appauvri en leucocytes. Vox Sang. (New Series) 2: 248, 1957. MedlineGoogle Scholar38. PAYNE R: The association of febrile transfusion reactions with leukoagglutinins. Vox Sang. (New Series) 2: 233, 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar39. VAN LOGHEMVANDER HARTHIJMANSSCHUIT JJMWHR: The incidence and significance of complete and incomplete white cell antibodies with special reference to the use of the Coombs' consumption test. Vox Sang. (New Series) 3: 203, 1958. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar40. GREENWALTGAJEWSKIMCKENNA TJMJL: A new method for preparing buffy coat-poor blood. Transfusion 2: 221, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar41. CASSELLPHILLIPSCHAPLIN MDRH: Transfusion of buffy coat-poor red cell suspensions prepared by dextran sedimentation: description of newly designed equipment and evaluation of its use. Transfusion 2: 216, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar42. MARCHALDAUSSETCOLOMBANI GJJ: Communication, Eighth International Congress of Blood Transfusion, Tokyo, 1960. Cited by MOLLISON (1). Google Scholar43. HARRINGTON WJ: The clinical significance of antibodies for platelets. Proceedings, Fifth International Congress of Hematology, Paris, paper No. 178, 1954. Google Scholar44. DAMESHEKNEBER WJ: Transfusion reactions to plasma constituent of whole blood: their pathogenesis and treatment by washed red blood cell transfusions. Blood 5: 129, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar45. MANDES DE LEONVANDER HART DEM: A severe plasma reaction after transfusion of blood and serum. Vox Sang. 5: 30, 1953. Google Scholar46. ALLISONBLUMBERG ACBS: An isoprecipitation reaction distinguishing human serum-protein types. Lancet 1: 634, 1961. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar47. BLUMBERGRIDDELL BSNM: Inherited antigenic differences in human serum lipoproteins: a second antiserum. J. Clin. Invest. 42: 867, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar48. STEFANINIMEDNICOFFSALOMONCAMPBELL MIBLEW: Thrombocytopenia of replacement transfusion: a cause of surgical bleeding. Clin. Res. Proc. 2: 61, 1954. Google Scholar49. KREVANSJACKSON JRDP: Hemorrhagic disorder following massive whole blood transfusions. JAMA 159: 171, 1955. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar50. JACKSONKREVANSCONLEY DPJRCL: Mechanism of the thrombocytopenia that follows multiple whole blood transfusions. Trans. Ass. Amer. Physicians 69: 155, 1956. MedlineGoogle Scholar51. NAKASONEWATKINSJANEWAYGROSS NECARE: Experimental studies of circulatory derangement following the massive transfusion of citrated blood. Comparison of blood treated with ACD solution and blood decalcified by ion exchange resin. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 43: 184, 1954. MedlineGoogle Scholar52. HOWLANDBELLVILLEZUCKERBRYANCLIFTON WSJWMBPEE: Massive blood replacement. V. Failure to observe citrate intoxication. Surg., Gynec. & Obstet. 105: 529, 1957. MedlineGoogle Scholar53. BUNKERSTETSONCOEGRILLOMURPHY JPJBRCHCAJ: Citric acid intoxication. JAMA 157: 1361, 1955. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar54. GILLIES AJ: Chapter on Anesthesia, in Surgery of the Liver by SCHWARTZ, S. I., McGraw Hill Book Company, New York. In press. Google Scholar55. LOUTITMOLLISONYOUNG JFPLIM: Citric acid-solution citrate-glucose mixtures for blood storage. Quart. J. Exp. Physiol. 32: 183, 1943. CrossrefGoogle Scholar56. BAKERBENTALLDREYERMELROSE JBHHBDG: Arrest of isolated heart with potassium citrate. Lancet 2: 555, 1957. CrossrefGoogle Scholar57. TAYLORGILLISNASHKULLMAN WCCNCWCL: Experimental observations on cardiac arrhythmia during exchange transfusion in rabbits. J. Pediat. 58: 470, 1961. CrossrefGoogle Scholar58. BRANDECAREYSIEMIENSKI AIFJJ: Studies of bacterial transfusion reactions from refrigerated blood: the properties of cold-growing bacteria. J. Clin. Invest. 34: 311, 1955. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar59. WALTERKUNDSINBUTTON CWRBLN: New technic for detection of bacterial contamination in a blood bank using plastic equipment. New Eng. J. Med. 257: 364, 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar60. LEHANEKWANTESUPWARDTHOMPSON DCMMGDR: Homologous serum jaundice. Brit. Med. J. 2: 572, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar61. MURRAY R: Viral hepatitis. Bull. NY Acad. Med. 31: 341, 1955. MedlineGoogle Scholar62. KUNIN CM: Serum hepatitis from whole blood: incidence and relation to source of blood. Amer. J. Med. Sci. 237: 293, 1959. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar63. ALLENSAYMAN JGWA: Serum hepatitis from transfusions of blood: epidemiologic study. JAMA 180: 1079, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar64. STOKESBERKMALAMUTDRAKEBRONDESSBASHEWOLMANFARQUHARBEVANDRUMMONDMAYCOCKCAPPSBENNETT JJELLMEJAWJIJJDBRJWDRBAM: The carrier state in viral hepatitis. JAMA 154: 1059, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar65. , Blood Program Medical-Technical Manual, Section II, Procedures relating to blood donors. Google Scholar66. FITCHWATANABEKASSOUNYNEEFEREINHOLDNORRIS DRRKDJRJGRF: Incidence of latent hepatic disease in blood donors; possible relation to carrier state of viral hepatitis. Amer. J. Clin. Path. 25: 158, 1955. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar67. BANDRUEGSEGGERLEYLA DUE NUPABJS: Detection of hepatitis carriers by serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activity. JAMA 171: 2303, 1959. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar68. NORRIS RF: The carrier of viral hepatitis as a blood donor. Communications, Eighth Internat. Congress on Blood Transfusion, Tokyo, 1960. Cited by MOLLISON. (1). Google Scholar69. GROSSMANSTEWARTSTOKES EBSGJ: Post transfusion hepatitis in battle casualties and a study of its prophylaxis by means of human immune serum globulin. JAMA 129: 991, 1945. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar70. MIRICKWARDMCCOLLUM GSRRW: Gamma globulin in the control of hepatitis following blood transfusion. Vox Sang. (new series) 7: 125, 1962. Google Scholar71. EDITORIAL: Prevention of high fatality rate in serum hepatitis. JAMA 185: 1037, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar72. STOKES J: Letter to the Editor, Gamma globulin and serum hepatitis. New Eng. J. Med. 269: 985, 1963. CrossrefGoogle Scholar73. CHALMERSDIAMONDEDSALLJANEWAYLESSESLUND TCLKGCAMFCC: Letter to the Editor, Prevention of serum hepatitis. New Eng. J. Med. 269: 870, 1963 CrossrefGoogle Scholar74. STOKESBLANCHARDNEEFEGELLISWADE JMJRSSGR: Methods of protection against homologous serum hepatitis. I. Studies on the protective value of gamma globulin in homologous serum hepatitis SH virus. JAMA 138: 336, 1948. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar75. RANDALL CH: Medico-legal Problems in Blood Transfusion, Committee on Blood, A.M.A., Chicago, 1962. Google Scholar76. MORTON JH: An evaluation of blood transfusion practices on a surgical service. New Eng. J. Med. 263: 1285, 1960. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rochester, New YorkFrom the Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, and the Medical Service of Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, New York.Presented in part at the Fall Meeting of the American College of Physicians, Detroit, Michigan, November 21-23, 1963.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Lawrence E. Young, M.D., Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 260 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester 20, New York. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAutologous Blood Transfusion for Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Effects of Storage Conditions on Platelet FunctionRapid Transfusion Devices for Hemorrhagic Cardiothoracic TraumaAutotransfusion after open heart surgery: the oxygen delivery capacity of shed mediastinal blood is maintainedThe diagnosis and management of massive blood loss during liver transplantationAutotransfusion after open heart surgery: characteristics of shed mediastinal blood and its influence on the plasma proteases in circulating bloodA comparison of transfusion requirements after total knee arthroplasty using the solcotrans autotransfusion systemAutologous blood transfusion in total joint arthroplastyA New Method of Autotransfusing Blood Drained after Cardiac SurgeryAvoidance of Blood Transfusion in Coronary Artery Surgery: A Trial of Hydroxyethyl StarchBlood Conservation TechniquesBlood Conservation During Myocardial RevascularizationAutotransfusion Following Cardiac Operations: A Randomized, Prospective StudyThe conservation of blood during cardiac surgeryAutologous Blood TransfusionUse of dialysis in the treatment of renal failure in liver diseaseLiquid and Freeze Preservation of Human Red Blood CellsRecent Advances in Techniques for Freezing Red CellsBIBLIOGRAPHY 1 July 1964Volume 61, Issue 1Page: 136-146KeywordsBlood plasmaBlood transfusionDentistryFallsHepatitisHospital medicineIntoxicationMedical servicesPathogensTransfusion medicine Issue Published: 1 July 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...