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This article outlines some NFV topics related to implementing VNF over NFVI where HWA may be needed. The document highlights the commonalities and differences among various HWA approaches and suggests uniform handling, common architecture, and abstraction layer for the hardware acceleration components. This uniform handling will allow deployment of various hardware accelerators within NFVI and facilitate interoperability between various VNFs and HWAs.
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Bronstein et al. (2015) studied this question.
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