White coat and masked effects depend on blood pressure level and time of blood pressure measurement

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. 24 h, circadian variation of systolic blood pressure (A) and diastolic blood pressure (B) Green line: population averaged curve based on the multilevel/mixed harmonic regression model. DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

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  FIGURE 2. 24 h, circadian variation of systolic blood pressure (A) and diastolic blood pressure (B) according to blood pressure categories. Red line: 100 ≤ true average 24 h SBP < 120 mmHg or 60 ≤ true average 24 h DBP < 80 mmHg, Blue line: 120 ≤ true average 24 h SBP < 130 mmHg or 80 ≤ true average 24 h DBP < 85 mmHg, Orange line: 130 ≤ true average 24 h SBP < 140 mmHg or 85 ≤ true average 24 h DBP < 90 mmHg, Brown line: 140 ≤ true average 24 h SBP < 160 mmHg or 90 ≤ true average 24 h DBP < 100 mmHg, Grey line: 160 ≤ true average 24 h SBP < 180 mmHg or 100 ≤ true average 24 h DBP < 110 mmHg, Black line: true average 24 h SBP ≥ 180 mmHg or true average 24 h DBP ≥ 110 mmHg, DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

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  FIGURE 3. Difference in measured blood pressure between office blood pressure and daytime ambulatory blood pressure, systolic blood pressure (A) diastolic blood pressure (B). For systolic blood pressure mean OPB and mean daytime ABPM difference: the differential bias was 48.0 mmHg and the proportional bias: 0.7 mmHg. For diastolic blood pressure mean OPB and mean daytime ABPM difference: the differential bias was 44 mmHg and the proportional bias: 0.5 mmHg. The left y-axis represents the ABPM (in black) and OBP (in green) measurements and the x-axis the BLUP (i.e., the best possible estimation of the individual mean value). In addition, two regression lines have been computed and added to the scatter plot, representing the relation between ABPM (in black) and between OBP (in green) and the BLUP. The vertical difference between the two regression lines, referred to as “bias,” represents the discrepancy between the two measurement devices (i.e., ABPM and OBP), and allows one to assess the WCE/MASE. a third regression line (red dash-dotted) representing the bias (i.e., the difference between the ABPM and OBP regression lines) has been added to the plot. The distance between the ABPM and OBP…

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  FIGURE 4. Difference between office blood pressure and daytime ambulatory blood pressure, between normotensive (A,C) and hypertensive patients (B,D) for systolic blood pressure (A,B) and diastolic blood pressure (C,D). White dot: individual blood pressure per subject (ABPM), Green dot: individual blood pressure per subject (OBP), Dash red line: regression line of average difference between OBP and ABPM values, Plain black line: mean ABPM value (all patients), Dash green line: mean OBPM value (all patients), ABPM, daytime ambulatory blood pressure measurement; OBP, office blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.

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  FIGURE 5. Difference between systolic office blood pressure and systolic daytime ambulatory blood pressure according to the 24 h blood pressure level. Group 1: 100 ≤ true average SBP < 120 mmHg or 60 ≤ true average DBP < 80 mmHg, Group 2: 120 ≤ true average SBP < 130 mmHg or 80 ≤ true average DBP < 85 mmHg, Group 3: 130 ≤ true average SBP < 140 mmHg or 85 ≤ true average DBP < 90 mmHg, Group 4: 140 ≤ true average SBP < 160 mmHg or 90 ≤ true average DBP < 100 mmHg, Group 5: 160 ≤ true average SBP < 180 mmHg or 100 ≤ true average DBP < 110 mmHg, Group 6: true average SBP ≥ 180 mmHg or true average DBP ≥ 110 mmHg, White dot: individual blood pressure per subject (ABPM), Green dot: individual blood pressure per subject (OBP), Dash red line: regression line of average difference between OBP and ABPM values, Plain black line: mean ABPM value (all patients), Dash green line: mean OBP value (all patients), ABPM, daytime ambulatory blood pressure; OBP, office blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.