A novel parametric method-based nomogram of left ventricular internal diameters in normal Chinese adults

Figures

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  Figure 1. The echocardiographic images of left ventricular internal diameters from echocardiography. (A) Parasternal long axis view of left ventricular internal diameters form two-dimensional echocardiography; (B) the measurement of left ventricular internal diameters from M-mode echocardiography. LV, left ventricular; AV, aortic valve; LA, left atrium; RV, right ventricular; LVDd, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVDs, left ventricular end-systolic diameter.

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  Figure 2. Scatterplot of the overall left veantricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) versus body surface area (BSA) with Z-score ranging from −3 to 3; The superimposed solid line in the middle represents the estimated regression equation (labelled as z=0).

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  Figure 3. Scatterplot of the overall left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVDs) versus body surface area (BSA) with Z-score ranging from −3 to 3.

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  Figure 4. Body surface area (BSA)-gender-specific scatterplots of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) with Z-score ranging from −3 to 3.

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  Figure 5. Body surface area (BSA)-gender-specific scatterplots of left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVDs) with Z-score ranging from −3 to 3.

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  Figure 6. Body surface area (BSA)-age-specific scatterplots of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) with Z-score ranging from −3 to 3.

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  Figure 7. Body surface area (BSA)-age-specific scatterplots of left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVDs) with Z-score ranging from −3 to 3.

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  Figure 8. Plot of residual distributions with the best-models of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVDs).

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  Figure 9. Residuals of the best-fit models plotted against body surface area (BSA). The superimposed solid midline represents residual association with the BSA and an adequate Z-score should be evenly distributed around 0.