Associations between cultural humility, supervisory relationship, supervision outcomes, and therapeutic working alliance

We used structural equation modeling to examine supervisor cultural humility (CH) and the supervisory working alliance (SWA) as predictors of supervision outcomes (i.e. supervisee clinical and multicultural competence) and therapeutic working alliance (TWA). In a sample of 186 supervisees engaged in supervision for licensure, we observed significant direct relationships between CH and the SWA. Further, we found a significant relationship between the SWA and supervision outcomes; however, the relationship was not significant between CH and supervision outcomes. Both CH and the SWA were indirectly associated with the TWA through supervision-related variables. We offer implications for supervisees, supervisors, and supervision researchers.