Why the study?
Pericardial effusions in Down syndrome are typically associated with secondary causes and rarely large enough to cause cardiac tamponade.
Idiopathic large pericardial effusions can occur in children with Down syndrome and may progress to cardiac tamponade requiring pericardiocentesis.
Idiopathic large PE with tamponade can occur in Down syndrome; leaves open need for targeted screening studies.
Pericardial effusions (PE) in patients with Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) have been associated with hypothyroidism, viral infections and malignancies (particularly leukemia). The PE is usually not large enough to cause cardiac tamponade. We report two cases of idiopathic large PE with one of them progressing to develop a cardiac tamponade that required an urgent pericardiocentesis.
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Numra et al. (2020) studied this question.
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