Looking for the optimum relationship between spatial planning and land development

Spatial planning provides a framework for dealing with land use, and must thus be inclusive, transparent and well-informed. It also supplies a basis for land development which aims at delivering serviced plots for all kind of functions. The current climate of negotiations between the authorities and land developers has given rise to the suspicion that planning consent can be bought and sold. There are conflicting requirements here: separation of spatial planning and land development ensures the highest level of ethical behaviour, but closer links between the two can be more effective. This article analyses the Dutch institutions that traditionally operate in the force field between spatial planning and land development and describes how the restructuring of the welfare state has led to rethinking of their function.