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The relativistic motion of the electron in the toroidal model is reported. The different motions of the center of mass and the charge provide a direct way to describe the relativistic effect on the helical motion of the electron. The momentum-energy relation is deduced in easy manner, which led to a simple interpretation of the electron energy. The relativistic effect on the helical motion due to the ratio of the Compton and the Bohr radii in the Bohr atom with Z protons is compared with the nucleus radius, providing a way to estimate the heaviest element of the periodic table, which is found to be between Z = 122 and 137.
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Santos et al. (2025) studied this question.