High-sensitivity temperature sensors via ion capture-release dynamics for human thermal comfort monitoring

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Fabrication and sensing mechanism of SIG sensor. a Schematic diagram of the fabrication process of the SIG sensor. b Schematic diagram of the temperature sensitivity mechanism of the sensor. c FT-IR spectra of CIG and SIG

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  Fig. 2. Electrical properties of CIG and SIG sensors. a Curve of impedance modulus of CIG sensor with ILs content. b–d Impedance modulus-temperature curves, Arrhenius curves, and parameter comparison histogram of CIG sensor, SIG sensor with varying SiO2 amounts. e–f Curves of dielectric relaxation time of SIG-3 sensor and CIG sensor as a function of temperature

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  Fig. 3. Temperature sensing performance of SIG sensor. a Arrhenius plots of SIG sensor. b Dynamic response curve of the SIG sensor during various heating cycles. c Impedance modulus-temperature curves as the temperature rise and fall between 25 °C and 65 °C. d Dynamic response curve of the SIG sensor during faint heating processes. e Dynamic curve of SIG sensor response to 6 faint heating cycles. f Scatterplot of temperature measurement of the SIG sensor at constant temperature. g Dynamic response and recovery curve of SIG sensor. h Comparison of TCR and temperature sensitivity range of various wearable temperature sensors38–54

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  Fig. 4. Reliability and crosstalk of SIG sensor. a Schematic diagram of the cross-talk signal generated during the temperature monitoring process. b The dynamic response curves of the SIG sensor to over 120 heating cycles. c First ten and last ten cycles in these heating cycles. d–e Temperature errors caused by pressure crosstalk and bending crosstalk. f Impedance modulus versus humidity curves for SIG sensor before and after packaging

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  Fig. 5. Apparent temperature perception and smart control system. a Factors influencing thermal comfort. b Curve of apparent temperature versus ambient temperature. c Curve of apparent temperature variation caused by incandescent lamp irradiation. d Curve of apparent temperature variation caused by air flow rate. e Curves of apparent temperatures attributed to clothing conditions. f Schematic diagram of smart temperature control system