Multicentre Collaborative Prospective Cohort Study Investigating the Impact of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery on Kidney Transplant Outcomes: The CRAFT Study

Figures

• 

  FIGURE 1. Delivery of perioperative care. (A) Intraoperative intravenous fluid usage in mL. (B) Intraoperative peripheral vasopressor usage. (C) Intraoperative pain management strategy including Transversus Abdominis Plan (TAP) block with or without infusion of local anaesthetic or local anaesthetic only. (D) Use of patient-controlled analgesia technique post-operatively. (E) Patient destination post operatively, including high dependency unit (HDU – level 2 care), intensive treatment unit (ITU – level 3 care), a prolonged stay within a post-anaesthetic care unit (PACU) or immediate ward-based care. (F) Incidence of urethral catheterisation pre- or intra-operatively. (G) Incidence of intraoperative ureteric stenting. (H) Incidence of surgical drain insertion. Bars indicate p-values from pairwise comparisons (Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous, and Chi-squared test for categorical variables). Significance levels: *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001.

• 

  FIGURE 2. Impact of perioperative care approach on post-operative course. (A) Time until catheter removal, measured in days. (B) Time until patient controlled analgesia (PCA) taken down in recipients who were given a PCA. (C) Time until oral fluids reintroduced categorized as immediately post-operative, within 12 hours and greater than 24 h (D) Time until intravenous fluids taken down in days (E) Time until drain removal, measured in days (F) Time until re-introduction of oral diet categorized as immediately post-operatively, within 12 h, 12–24 h and greater than 24 h. (G) Time until the patient first mobilises, measured in days post-operatively (H) Time until patient returned to baseline mobility, measured in days (I) Days until first documented bowel movement, measured in days. Bars indicate p-values from pairwise comparisons (Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous, and Chi-squared test for categorical variables). Significance levels: *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001.

• 

  FIGURE 3. Postoperative outcomes. (A) Length of stay, measured in days from admission. (B) Total complications noted, categorised by Clavien-Dindo grading score. (C) Number of readmissions within a 30-day time-period. (D) eGFR at 30 days. Bars indicate p-values from pairwise comparisons (Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous, and Chi-squared test for categorical variables). Significance levels: *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001.

• 

  FIGURE 4. Cumulative unadjusted discharge probability after transplantation, stratified by transplant unit ERAS group. (A) Recipients of deceased donor kidney. (B) Recipients of live donor kidney.