Current molecular and therapeutic advances in liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and angiosarcoma

Sarcomas probably develop after malignant transformation of embryonic mesenchymal cells and have broad spectrum histopathologically since they can develop from striated skeletal muscle and smooth muscle, fat and fibrous tissue, bone, cartilage and other mesenchymal tissues. The most common histological subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma in adults are: liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, poorly differentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Molecular and genetic studies of soft tissue sarcomas, which are considered as heterogeneous groups in terms of their molecular and clinical characteristics, are still an important area of ​​interest The heterogeneity of the molecular and genetic alterations of these malignancies, which are mostly treated with surgery and chemotherapy, also offers hope to the researchers in terms of treatment targets. In this article, molecular biologic features of the soft tissue sarcomas including liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and angiosarcoma are discussed in the light of recent developments in molecular biology, targeted therapies and immunotherapy.