Control of Reactive Power in Distribution Systems with an End-Load and Fixed Load Condition

The flow of the reactive power in utility systems produces losses which utility engineers attempt to keep at a minimum level by the installation of capacitor banks. Previous work focussed on obtaining the optimal conditions for a fixed load level. The present paper deals with the conditions of fixed load, growth in the load and the presence of end-load in the feeder. A mathematical analysis of shunt capacitor application for the reductions of peak power loss and energy loss for a uniform feeder with an end-load condition is presented. Generalized equations for calculating the reductions of peak power and energy losses in a feeder are derived. The optimum location and the rating of the capacitor banks on feeders with uniformly distributed loads and end-load injection are developed. A method to assess the economical effectiveness of whether or not to install capacitor banks in a condition of load growth is also given. The method is applied to a test case of a practical system.