An autonomous 3-5 GHz UWB wireless sensor node uses a single 2×2 cm2solar cell to generate up to 20 mW-peak power outdoors. The solar cell behaves as a broadband monopole antenna in the 3-10 GHz range, thus miniaturizing the overall package size. The sensor node consumes an average power of 10μW when transmitting 1 kb/s every minute using OOK wide band FM data bursts. Storing 2.85 J of harvested energy on a supercapacitor from the solar cell in a single charge cycle ensures more than two days of packet data transmission.
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Danesh et al. (2011) studied this question.
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