The association between depressive symptoms and ischemic heart disease in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study

Figure 1. Flow chart of eligible participant selection, NHANES 2005–2018.

Figure 2. The stratified and interaction analysis of the relationship between depressive symptoms and ischemic heart disease among postmenopausal women in the US from 2005 to 2018. Adjusted for age, race, educational level, marital status, annual household income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and body mass index, except the variable itself. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. OR (95% CI), Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Intervals.

Figure 3. Smooth curve fitting for the relationship between PHQ-9 scores and ischemic heart disease among postmenopausal women with different hypertension status in the US from 2005–2018. (A) Smooth curve fitting visualizing the association between PHQ-9 scores and log-transformed odds ratio of ischemic heart disease based on the generalized additive model among postmenopausal women. The red line represents the fitted line and the blue line refers to the 95% confidence intervals. Adjusted for age, race, educational level, marital status, annual household income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and body mass index. (B) Smooth curve fittings model in the subgroup analysis stratified by hypertension status: the red line denotes participants without hypertension, while the blue line denotes those with hypertension. Adjusted for age, race, educational level, marital status, annual household income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and body mass index. PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; HBP, High Blood Pressure, OR, Odds Ratio.