Population
Early chick embryo lateral cardiac primordia (anterior, middle, and posterior fragments)
Comparison
Incubation at 37°C in culture medium for 48 hours vs Comparison between anterior, middle, and…
Design
Preclinical
Follow-up
48 hours
Authors
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Pacemaker gradient originates in early embryo; extends developmental models but leaves open human relevance.
The antero-posterior rate gradient observed in the functional heart is already defined in specific, localized portions of the heart-forming regions in the early embryo.
Robert L. DeHaan (1963) studied this question.
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