The basic education curriculum in China has experienced several waves of changes since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. These changes usually followed major political and social movements and involved the development and implementation of new curriculum guidelines in the form of teaching syllabi or curriculum standards for all school subjects (Ruan and Jin, 2012). Before the most recent wave, underway since 1999, there had been seven major waves in previous years. It is instructive to give a brief historical overview of these reforms Ruan and Jin (2012) remarked that each reform has left its mark on history.
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Cui et al. (2014) studied this question.
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