Key result
Difficulty walking three blocks is linked to ~2.9-fold higher odds of cardiovascular disease.
Why the study?
Clinical measures are not typically possible in population-based studies of cardiovascular disease associated with tobacco use, prompting assessment of the reliability and validity of self-reported measures.
Are self-reported cardiovascular risk factors and diseases reliable and concurrently valid in the PATH Study population?
Cohort (n=11,748)
Are self-reported cardiovascular risk factors and diseases reliable and concurrently valid in the PATH Study population?
Odds Ratio: 2.9 (95% CI 2.28–3.69)
Self-reported cardiovascular risk factors and diseases in the PATH Study exhibit good reliability and concurrent validity, rendering them useful for population-level tobacco and cardiovascular research.
Self-reported walking difficulty may proxy CVD in cohorts; supports PATH measure validity but leaves broader adoption open.
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is a key health condition associated with tobacco use; however, clinical measures are not typically possible in population-based studies. In this paper, we assess the reliability and validity of self-reported cardiovascular risk factors and diseases in a large nationally representative study of tobacco use and health outcomes. METHODS: This paper analyzes self-reported cardiovascular risk factors and disease among adults age 40 years and older based on U.S. nationally representative data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (self-reported high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and family history of premature heart disease, BMI ≥ 35, and tobacco use) and cardiovascular disease (self-reported heart attack, stroke and/or congestive heart failure (CHF)) were considered along with ratings of physical functioning, fatigue, and general health. RESULTS: Self-reported cardiovascular disease was found to be associated with functional health measures (walking up a flight of stairs) and general ratings of health. Prospective analyses found strong correlations between sequential data collection waves for history of hypertension, elevated cholesterol and CHF, while more modest correlations were noted for stroke and heart attack. The overall prevalence of cardiovascular disease and hypertension was comparable to those from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). CONCLUSIONS: These analyses suggest reliability and concurrent validity regarding self-reported cardiovascular risk factors and disease assessed in the PATH Study.
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Mahoney et al. (2021) conducted a cohort in Cardiovascular risk factors and disease (n=11,748). Difficulty walking three blocks vs. No difficulty walking three blocks was evaluated on Presence of self-reported cardiovascular disease (OR 2.90, 95% CI 2.28-3.69). Difficulty walking three blocks was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of having cardiovascular disease (OR 2.90), supporting the concurrent validity of self-reported measures.
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