Neoadjuvant Сhemoradiotherapy of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer with Local 5-Fluoracil Radiomodification

Chemoradiotherapy, along with following surgical treatment, including total mesorectal excision, is a current standard for treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy allows to downsize the tumor, up to complete clinical response in one third of all cases, which, in turn, allows increase in sphincter preserving operations, disease-free period and overall survivability. Derivatives of 5-fluoracil are used as basic chemotherapeutic agents. These drugs have a substantial amount of side effects, which lead to either plan corrections, or may even prevent its completion. Thus, search for new ways to increase chemotherapy agent in the tumor cells with reduction of systemic toxicity to improve neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy results is an acute task for modern medicine. In this article authors suggest intrarectal application of sterile hydrogel material based on sodium alginate with incorporated 5-fluoracil as a method of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.