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Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with bladder cancer include flow cytometry, intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), and systemic chemotherapy. Once the subjects of clinical research protocols, these modalities are currently being incorporated into the general management of patients with bladder cancer. Flow cytometry, intravesical BCG, and systemic chemotherapy will be individually reviewed and their role in the management of patients with bladder cancer will be discussed.
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Badalament et al. (1989) studied this question.
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